There are five methods for non-destructive testing of turbines. Ultrasonic testing is introduced below.

1. Definition of ultrasonic testing: A technology that studies the reflection, transmission, and scattering of waves emitted by non-destructive testing equipment through the interaction between ultrasonic waves and specimens, and conducts macroscopic defect detection, geometric characteristic measurement, detection and characterization of changes in organizational structure and mechanical properties of specimens, and then evaluates their specific applicability.

2. The principle of ultrasonic work: mainly based on the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in the specimen. a. The sound source generates ultrasonic waves and uses a certain method to make the ultrasonic waves enter the test piece; b. Ultrasonic waves propagate in the specimen and interact with the specimen material and defects therein, causing their propagation direction or characteristics to be changed; c. The changed ultrasound is received through testing equipment and can be processed and analyzed; d. Based on the characteristics of the received ultrasound, evaluate whether there are defects and their characteristics in the specimen itself and its interior.

3. Advantages of Ultrasonic Testing

a. Suitable for non-destructive testing of various components such as metal, non-metal, and composite materials;

b. Strong penetration ability, capable of detecting internal defects in specimens with a large thickness range. For metal materials, thin-walled pipes and plates with a thickness of 1-2mm can be tested, as well as steel forgings several meters long;

c. Accurate defect localization;

d. The detection rate of area type defects is relatively high;

e. High sensitivity, capable of detecting small defects within the specimen;

The thickness can be as small as 1mm or as large as a few meters; e. From the perspective of defect location, it can be either a surface defect or an internal defect.

f. The detection cost is low, the speed is fast, the equipment is lightweight, harmless to the human body and the environment, and the on-site use is more convenient.

4. Limitations of ultrasonic testing: a. Accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of defects in the specimen still requires in-depth research; b. It is difficult to carry out Ultrasonic testing on specimens with complex or irregular shapes; c. The location, orientation, and shape of defects have a certain impact on the detection results; d. Material and grain size have a significant impact on the detection; e. When using the commonly used manual A-type pulse reflection method for testing, the results are not visually displayed, and there is no direct witness record of the testing results.

5. Scope of application of Ultrasonic testing: a. From the perspective of the materials of the test object, it can be used for metal, non-metal and composite materials; b. From the manufacturing process of the tested object, it can be used for forgings, castings, welded parts, bonded parts, etc; c. From the shape of the tested object, it can be used for plates, bars, pipes, etc; d. In terms of the size of the tested object,

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